SSL#
Provides the necessary support for HTTPS.
When building from the source code,
this module isn't built by default;
it should be enabled with the
‑‑with‑http_ssl_module
build option.
In packages and images from our repos, the module is included in the build.
Important
This module requires the OpenSSL library.
Configuration Example#
To reduce the processor load it is recommended to
set the number of worker processes equal to the number of processors,
enable keep-alive connections,
enable the shared session cache,
disable the built-in session cache,
and possibly increase the session lifetime (by default, 5 minutes):
worker_processes auto;
http {
# ...
server {
listen 443 ssl;
keepalive_timeout 70;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:RC4-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:RC4-MD5;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/angie/conf/cert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/angie/conf/cert.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ...
}
Directives#
ssl_buffer_size#
Sets the size of the buffer used for sending data.
By default, the buffer size is 16k, which corresponds to minimal overhead when sending big responses. To minimize Time To First Byte it may be beneficial to use smaller values, for example:
ssl_buffer_size 4k;
ssl_certificate#
Specifies a file with the certificate in the PEM format for the given virtual server. If intermediate certificates should be specified in addition to a primary certificate, they should be specified in the same file in the following order: the primary certificate comes first, then the intermediate certificates. A secret key in the PEM format may be placed in the same file.
This directive can be specified multiple times to load certificates of different types, for example, RSA and ECDSA:
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name example.com;
ssl_certificate example.com.rsa.crt;
ssl_certificate_key example.com.rsa.key;
ssl_certificate example.com.ecdsa.crt;
ssl_certificate_key example.com.ecdsa.key;
# ...
}
Only OpenSSL 1.0.2 or higher supports separate certificate chains for different certificates. With older versions, only one certificate chain can be used.
Important
Variables can be used in the file name when using OpenSSL 1.0.2 or higher:
ssl_certificate $ssl_server_name.crt;
ssl_certificate_key $ssl_server_name.key;
Note that using variables implies that a certificate will be loaded for each SSL handshake, and this may have a negative impact on performance.
The value "data:$variable" can be specified instead of the file, which loads a certificate from a variable without using intermediate files. Note that inappropriate use of this syntax may have its security implications, such as writing secret key data to error log.
Important
It should be kept in mind that due to the HTTPS protocol limitations for maximum interoperability virtual servers should listen on different IP addresses.
Added in version 1.2.0: If ssl_ntls is enabled, the directive can accept two arguments (the signature and the encryption parts of the key) instead of one:
listen ... ssl;
ssl_ntls on;
# dual NTLS certificate
ssl_certificate sign.crt enc.crt;
ssl_certificate_key sign.key enc.key;
# can be used together with a regular RSA certificate
ssl_certificate rsa.crt;
ssl_certificate rsa.key;
ssl_certificate_key#
Specifies a file with the secret key in the PEM format for the given virtual server.
Important
Variables can be used in the file name when using OpenSSL 1.0.2 or higher.
The value "engine:name:id" can be specified instead of the file, which loads a secret key with a specified id from the OpenSSL engine name.
The value "data:$variable" can be specified instead of the file, which loads a secret key from a variable without using intermediate files. Note that inappropriate use of this syntax may have its security implications, such as writing secret key data to error log.
Added in version 1.2.0: If ssl_ntls is enabled, the directive can accept two arguments (the signature and the encryption parts of the key) instead of one:
listen ... ssl;
ssl_ntls on;
# dual NTLS certificate
ssl_certificate sign.crt enc.crt;
ssl_certificate_key sign.key enc.key;
# can be used together with a regular RSA certificate
ssl_certificate rsa.crt;
ssl_certificate rsa.key;
ssl_ciphers#
Specifies the enabled ciphers. The ciphers are specified in the format understood by the OpenSSL library, for example:
ssl_ciphers ALL:!aNULL:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
The full list can be viewed using the "openssl ciphers" command.
ssl_client_certificate#
Specifies a file with trusted CA certificates in the PEM format used to verify client certificates and OCSP responses if ssl_stapling is enabled.
The list of certificates will be sent to clients. If this is not desired, the ssl_trusted_certificate directive can be used.
ssl_conf_command#
Sets arbitrary OpenSSL configuration commands.
Important
The directive is supported when using OpenSSL 1.0.2 or higher.
Several ssl_conf_command directives can be specified on the same level:
ssl_conf_command Options PrioritizeChaCha;
ssl_conf_command Ciphersuites TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256;
These directives are inherited from the previous configuration level if and only if there are no ssl_conf_command directives defined on the current level.
Caution
Configuring OpenSSL directly might result in unexpected behavior.
ssl_crl#
Specifies a file with revoked certificates (CRL) in the PEM format used to verify client certificates.
ssl_dhparam#
Specifies a file with DH parameters for DHE ciphers.
By default no parameters are set, and therefore DHE ciphers will not be used.
ssl_early_data#
Enables or disables TLS 1.3 early data.
Requests sent within early data are subject to replay attacks. To protect against such attacks at the application layer, the $ssl_early_data variable should be used.
proxy_set_header Early-Data $ssl_early_data;
Important
The directive is supported when using OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher and BoringSSL.
ssl_ecdh_curve#
Specifies a curve for ECDHE ciphers.
Important
When using OpenSSL 1.0.2 or higher, it is possible to specify multiple curves, for example:
ssl_ecdh_curve prime256v1:secp384r1;
The special value auto instructs Angie to use a list built into the OpenSSL library when using OpenSSL 1.0.2 or higher, or prime256v1 with older versions.
Important
When using OpenSSL 1.0.2 or higher, this directive sets the list of curves supported by the server. Thus, in order for ECDSA certificates to work, it is important to include the curves used in the certificates.
ssl_ntls#
Added in version 1.2.0.
Enables server-side support for NTLS using TongSuo library.
listen ... ssl;
ssl_ntls on;
Important
Build Angie using the --with-ntls build option and link with NTLS-enabled SSL library
./configure --with-openssl=../Tongsuo-8.3.0 \
--with-openssl-opt=enable-ntls \
--with-ntls
ssl_ocsp#
Enables OCSP validation of the client certificate chain. The leaf parameter enables validation of the client certificate only.
For the OCSP validation to work, the ssl_verify_client directive should be set to on or optional.
To resolve the OCSP responder hostname, the resolver directive should also be specified.
Example:
ssl_verify_client on;
ssl_ocsp on;
resolver 127.0.0.53;
ssl_ocsp_cache#
Sets name and size of the cache that stores client certificates status for OCSP validation. The cache is shared between all worker processes. A cache with the same name can be used in several virtual servers.
The off parameter prohibits the use of the cache.
ssl_ocsp_responder#
Overrides the URI of the OCSP responder specified in the "Authority Information Access" certificate extension for validation of client certificates.
Only http:// OCSP responders are supported:
ssl_ocsp_responder http://ocsp.example.com/;
ssl_password_file#
Specifies a file with passphrases for secret keys where each passphrase is specified on a separate line. Passphrases are tried in turn when loading the key.
Example:
http {
ssl_password_file /etc/keys/global.pass;
...
server {
server_name www1.example.com;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/keys/first.key;
}
server {
server_name www2.example.com;
# named pipe can also be used instead of a file
ssl_password_file /etc/keys/fifo;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/keys/second.key;
}
}
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers#
|
|
Default |
|
http, server |
Specifies that server ciphers should be preferred over client ciphers when using the SSLv3 and TLS protocols.
ssl_protocols#
|
|
Default |
|
http, server |
Changed in version 1.2.0: TLSv1.3 parameter added to default set.
Enables the specified protocols.
Important
The TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 parameters work only when OpenSSL 1.0.1 or higher is used.
The TLSv1.3 parameter works only when OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher is used.
ssl_reject_handshake#
If enabled, SSL handshakes in the server block will be rejected.
For example, in the following configuration, SSL handshakes with server names other than example.com are rejected:
server {
listen 443 ssl default_server;
ssl_reject_handshake on;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name example.com;
ssl_certificate example.com.crt;
ssl_certificate_key example.com.key;
}
ssl_session_cache#
|
|
Default |
|
http, server |
Sets the types and sizes of caches that store session parameters. A cache can be of any of the following types:
|
the use of a session cache is strictly prohibited: Angie explicitly tells a client that sessions may not be reused. |
|
the use of a session cache is gently disallowed: Angie tells a client that sessions may be reused, but does not actually store session parameters in the cache. |
|
a cache built in OpenSSL; used by one worker process only. The cache size is specified in sessions. If size is not given, it is equal to 20480 sessions. Use of the built-in cache can cause memory fragmentation. |
|
a cache shared between all worker processes. The cache size is specified in bytes; one megabyte can store about 4000 sessions. Each shared cache should have an arbitrary name. A cache with the same name can be used in several virtual servers. It is also used to automatically generate, store, and periodically rotate TLS session ticket keys unless configured explicitly using the ssl_session_ticket_key directive. |
Both cache types can be used simultaneously, for example:
ssl_session_cache builtin:1000 shared:SSL:10m;
but using only shared cache without the built-in cache should be more efficient.
ssl_session_ticket_key#
Sets a file with the secret key used to encrypt and decrypt TLS session tickets. The directive is necessary if the same key has to be shared between multiple servers. By default, a randomly generated key is used.
If several keys are specified, only the first key is used to encrypt TLS session tickets. This allows configuring key rotation, for example:
ssl_session_ticket_key current.key;
ssl_session_ticket_key previous.key;
The file must contain 80 or 48 bytes of random data and can be created using the following command:
openssl rand 80 > ticket.key
Depending on the file size either AES256 (for 80-byte keys) or AES128 (for 48-byte keys) is used for encryption.
ssl_session_tickets#
Enables or disables session resumption through TLS session tickets.
ssl_session_timeout#
Specifies a time during which a client may reuse the session parameters.
ssl_stapling#
Enables or disables stapling of OCSP responses by the server. Example:
ssl_stapling on;
resolver 127.0.0.53;
For the OCSP stapling to work, the certificate of the server certificate issuer should be known. If the ssl_certificate file does not contain intermediate certificates, the certificate of the server certificate issuer should be present in the ssl_trusted_certificate file.
Attention
For a resolution of the OCSP responder hostname, the resolver directive should also be specified.
ssl_stapling_file#
When set, the stapled OCSP response will be taken from the specified file instead of querying the OCSP responder specified in the server certificate.
The file should be in the DER format as produced by the openssl ocsp command.
ssl_stapling_responder#
Overrides the URI of the OCSP responder specified in the "Authority Information Access". certificate extension.
Only http:// OCSP responders are supported:
ssl_stapling_responder http://ocsp.example.com/;
ssl_stapling_verify#
Enables or disables verification of OCSP responses by the server.
For verification to work, the certificate of the server certificate issuer, the root certificate, and all intermediate certificates should be configured as trusted using the ssl_trusted_certificate directive.
ssl_trusted_certificate#
Specifies a file with trusted CA certificates in the PEM format used to verify client certificates and OCSP responses if ssl_stapling is enabled.
In contrast to the certificate set by ssl_client_certificate, the list of these certificates will not be sent to clients.
ssl_verify_client#
|
|
Default |
|
http, server |
Enables verification of client certificates. The verification result is stored in the $ssl_client_verify variable.
|
requests the client certificate and verifies it if the certificate is present. |
|
requests the client certificate but does not require it to be signed by a trusted CA certificate. This is intended for the use in cases when a service that is external to Angie performs the actual certificate verification. |
ssl_verify_depth#
Sets the verification depth in the client certificates chain.
Error Processing#
The http_ssl module supports several non-standard error codes that can be used for redirects using the error_page directive:
|
an error has occurred during the client certificate verification; |
|
a client has not presented the required certificate; |
|
a regular request has been sent to the HTTPS port. |
The redirection happens after the request is fully parsed and the variables, such as $request_uri, $uri, $args and others, are available.
Specifies the text to change in the path attribute of the "Set-Cookie" fields of the proxied server's response header.Redirection is done after the request is fully parsed and variables such as $request_uri, $uri, $args and other variables are available.
Built-in Variables#
The http_ssl module supports built-in variables:
$ssl_alpn_protocol#
returns the protocol selected by ALPN during the SSL handshake, or an empty string otherwise.
$ssl_cipher#
returns the name of the cipher used for an established SSL connection.
$ssl_ciphers#
returns the list of ciphers supported by the client. Known ciphers are listed by names, unknown are shown in hexadecimal, for example:
AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:0x00ff
Important
The variable is fully supported only when using OpenSSL version 1.0.2 or higher. With older versions, the variable is available only for new sessions and lists only known ciphers.
$ssl_client_escaped_cert#
returns the client certificate in the PEM format (urlencoded) for an established SSL connection;
$ssl_client_fingerprint#
returns the SHA1 fingerprint of the client certificate for an established SSL connection;
$ssl_client_i_dn#
returns the "issuer DN" string of the client certificate for an established SSL connection according to RFC 2253;
$ssl_client_i_dn_legacy#
returns the "issuer DN" string of the client certificate for an established SSL connection.
$ssl_client_raw_cert#
returns the client certificate in the PEM format for an established SSL connection.
$ssl_client_s_dn#
returns the "subject DN" string of the client certificate for an established SSL connection according to RFC 2253.
$ssl_client_s_dn_legacy#
returns the "subject DN" string of the client certificate for an established SSL connection.
$ssl_client_serial#
returns the serial number of the client certificate for an established SSL connection.
$ssl_client_v_end#
returns the end date of the client certificate.
$ssl_client_v_remain#
returns the number of days until the client certificate expires.
$ssl_client_v_start#
returns the start date of the client certificate.
$ssl_client_verify#
returns the result of client certificate verification: SUCCESS, "FAILED:reason", and NONE if a certificate was not present.
$ssl_curve#
returns the negotiated curve used for SSL handshake key exchange process. Known curves are listed by names, unknown are shown in hexadecimal, for example:
prime256v1
Important
The variable is supported only when using OpenSSL version 3.0 or higher. With older versions, the variable value will be an empty string.
$ssl_curves#
returns the list of curves supported by the client. Known curves are listed by names, unknown are shown in hexadecimal, for example:
0x001d:prime256v1:secp521r1:secp384r1
Important
The variable is supported only when using OpenSSL version 1.0.2 or higher. With older versions, the variable value will be an empty string.
The variable is available only for new sessions.
$ssl_early_data#
returns "1" if TLS 1.3 early data is used and the handshake is not complete, otherwise "".
$ssl_protocol#
returns the protocol of an established SSL connection.
$ssl_server_cert_type#
takes the values RSA, DSA, ECDSA, ED448,
ED25519, SM2, RSA-PSS, or unknown depending
on the type of server certificate and key.
$ssl_server_name#
returns the server name requested through SNI;
$ssl_session_id#
returns the session identifier of an established SSL connection.
$ssl_session_reused#
returns r if an SSL session was reused, or "." otherwise.